Listed below are procedures that we may conduct to design or alter the configurations of your network, depending on your needs and business environment. Our Cisco Certified Internetwork Experts (CCIE’s) are specialists with many years of experience, and are here to serve you.
Local Area Network (LAN) Switching
- Ethernet Layer 1: Wiring, Speed, and Duplex
- Pinouts and Category Cable wiring
- Auto-negotiation, Speed, and Duplex
- CSMA/CD
- Collision Domain and Switch Buffering
- Port Configurations
- Ethernet Layer 2: Framing and Addressing
- Types of Ethernet Address
- Ethernet Address Formats
- Protocol Types and the 802.3 Length Field
- Switching and Bridging Logic
- SPAN and RSPAN
- Core of SPAN and RSPAN
- Restrictions and Conditions
- Basic SPAN Configurations
- Complex SPAN Configurations
- RSPAN Configurations
Virtual LANS and VLAN Trunking
- Virtual Local Area Networks
- VLAN Configurations
- Using VLAN Database Mode to Create VLANs
- Using Configuration Mode to Put Interface into VLANs
- Using Configuration Mode to Create VLANs
- Private VLANs
- VLAN Trunking Protocols
- VTP Process and Revision Numbers
- VTP Configurations
- Normal-Range and Extended-Range VLANs
- Storing VLAN Configuration
- VLAN Trunking: ISL and 802.1Q
- ISL and 802.1Q Concepts
- ISL and 802.1Q Configuration
- Allowed, Active, and Pruned VLANs
- Trunk Configuration Compatibility
- Configuring Trunking on Routers
- 802.1Q-in-Q Tunneling
- Configuring PPPoE
Spanning Tree Protocol
- 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol
- Choosing Which Ports Forward: Choosing Root
- Ports and Designated Ports
- Electing a Root Switch
- Determining the Root Port
- Determining the Designated Port
- Converging to a New STP Topology
- Topology Change Notification and Updating the CAM
- Transitioning from Blocking to Forwarding
- Per-VLAN Spanning Tree and STP over Trunks
- STP Configuration and Analysis
- Optimizing Spanning Tree
- PortFast, UplinkFast, and BackboneFast
- PortFast, UplinkFast, and BackboneFast Configuration
- PortChannels
- Load Balancing Across PortChannels
- PortChannel Discovery and Configuration
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
- Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (RPVST+)
- Multiple Spanning Trees: IEEE 802.1s
- Protecting STP
- Root Guard and BPDU Guard: Protecting Access Ports
- UDLD and Loop Guard: Protecting Trunks
- Troubleshooting Complex Layer 2 Issues
- Layer 2 Troubleshooting Process
- Layer 2 Protocol Troubleshooting and Commands
- Troubleshooting Using Interface Statistics
- Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol
- Troubleshooting Trunking
- Troubleshooting VTP
- Troubleshooting EtherChannels
IP Addressing
- IP Addressing and Subnetting
- Subnetting Classful Network number
- Subnetting Classless Network number
- Creating Chart on Classless Addressing
- Subnetting Math We Do
- Finding Subnet Numbers and Valid Range of IP Addresses in Binary
- Determining All Subnets of a Network in Binary
- Determining All Subnets of a Network in Decimal
- VLSM Subnet Allocation
- Route Summarization
- Finding Inclusive Summary Routes in Binary and Decimal
- Finding Exclusive Summary Routes in Binary
- CIDR, Private Addresses, and NAT
- Classless Interdomain Routing
- Private Addressing
- Network Address Translation
- Static Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Dynamic NAT without PAT
- Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation
- Dynamic NAT and PAT Configuration
IP Services
- ARP, Proxy ARP, Reverse ARP, BOOTP, and DHCP
- ARP and Proxy ARP
- RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP
- DHCP
- HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- SNMP
- SNMP Protocol Messages
- SNMP MIBs
- SNMP Security
- Syslog and Implementation
- Web Cache Communication protocol
- IOS IP Service Level Agreement (IP SLA) Feature
- NetFlow
- Router IP Traffic Export
- IOS Embedded Event Manager
- Remote Monitoring
- Implementing and using FTP on a Router
- Implementing a TFTP Server on a Router
- Secure Copy Protocol
- HTTP and HTTPS Access
- Telnet Access
- SSH Access
IP Routing
- IP Forwarding
- Process Switching, Fast Switching, and Cisco Express Forwarding
- Adjacency Information, ARP and Inverse ARP
- Frame Relay Inverse ARP
- Static Configuration of Frame Relay Mapping Information
- Disabling InARP
- Classless and Classful Routing
- Multilayer Switching
- MLS Logic
- Configuring Routed Ports and PortChannels with MLS
- MLS Configuration
- Policy routing
- Optimized Edge Routing and Performance Routing
- Device Roles in PfR
- MC High Availability and Failure Consideration
- PfR Configuration
- GRE Tunneling
Routing Protocol: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
- EIGRP Steady-State Operation
- Hellos, Neighbors, and Adjacencies
- EIGRP Updates
- EIGRP Topology Table
- EIGRP Convergence
- Events and Local Computation
- Active on a Route
- Stuck-in-Active
- Limiting Query
- EIGRP Configuration
- Configuration
- Load Balancing
- Authentication
- Automatic Summarization
- Split Horizon
- Route Filtering
- Offset Lists
- Routing Table
Routing Protocol: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- OSPF Database Exchange
- OSPF Router IDs
- Neighbors, Exchange Databases, and become Adjacent
- Hello Process to Become Neighbors
- Flooding LSA Headers to Neighbors
- Database Descriptor Exchange: Master/Slave Relationship
- Requesting, Acknowledging LSAs
- Designated Router Optimization on LANs
- DR Election on LANs
- Designated Routers on WAN and OSPF Network
- NBMA Networks
- SPF Calculation
- Steady-State Operation
- OSPF Design and LSAs
- Path Selection
- LSA Types 1 and 2
- LSA Type 3 and Inter-Area Costs
- Removing Routes Advertised by LSAs
- LSA Type 4 and 5, and External Routes
- OSPF Design in Light of LSA Types
- Stubby Areas
- Choosing the Best Type of Path
- Best-Path Side Effects of ABR Loop Prevention
- OSPF Configuration
- OSPF Cost and Clearing the OSPF Process
- Network Configurations
- OSPF Filtering
- ABR LSA Type 3 Filtering
- Filtering Type 3 LSAs with the area’s
- Virtual Link Configuration
- Configuring OSPF Authentication
- Configuring OSPF Stub Router
IGP Route Redistribution, Route Summarization,
Default Routing, and Troubleshooting Process
- Route Maps, Prefix Lists, and Administrative Distance
- Configuring Route Maps
- Route Map match
- Route Map Set
- Route Redistribution
- Default Settings
- Setting Metrics, Metric Types, and Tags
- Redistributing a Subset of Routes Using Route Maps
- Mutual Redistribution at Multiple Routers
- Preventing Suboptimal Routes
- Using Metrics and Metric Types to Influence Redistributed Routes
- Route Summarization
- EIGRP Route Summarization
- OSPF Route Summarization
- Default Routes
- Using Static Routes to 0.0.0.0, with redistribute static
- Using default-information originate
- IP default-network
- Using Route Summarization to Create Default Routes
- Troubleshooting Complex Layer 3 Issues
- Using Layer 3 Protocol Troubleshooting and Commands
- IP Routing Process and statistics
Routing Protocol: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP
- BGP Neighbor Relationships
- Internal BGP Neighbors
- External BGP Neighbors
- Checks Before Becoming Neighbor
- BGP Messages
- Building BGP Table
- Injecting Routes/Prefixes into BGP Table
- Configuring BGP Network
- Redistribute from an IGP, Static, or Connected Route
- AS_Path Attributes
- Adding Default Routes to BGP
- ORIGIN Path Attribute
- Advertising BGP Route to Neighbors
- BGP Update Messages
- Following Rules for Routes Advertised in BGP Updates
- Creating IP Routing Table
- Adding eBGP Routes to the IP Routing Table
- Backdoor Routes
- Adding iBGP Routes to the Routing Table
- Using Sync and Redistributing Routes
- Configuring Confederations
- Route Reflectors
BGP Routing Policies
- Route Filtering and Route Summarization
- Filtering BGP Updates Based on NLRI
- Route Map Rules for NLRI Filtering
- Soft Reconfiguration
- Comparing Prefix Lists, Distribute Lists, and Route Maps
- Filtering Subnets of a Summary Using commands
- Filtering BGP Updates by Matching the AS_PATH PA
- BGP AS_PATH and AS_PATH Segments
- Expressions to Match AS_PATH
- Matching AS_SET and AS_CONFED_SEQ
BGP Path Attributes and BGP Process
- Clarifications of the BGP Decision Process
- Three Final Tiebreaker Steps in the BGP Process
- Adding Multiple BGP Routes to the IP Routing Table
- Configuring BGP Policies
- Step 0: NEXT_HOP Reachable
- Step 1: Administrative Weight
- Step 2: Highest Local Preference (LOCAL_PREF)
- Step 3: Choosing Between Locally Injected Route Based on ORIGIN PA
- Step 4: Shortest AS_PATH
- Step 5: Best ORIGIN PA
- Step 6: Smallest Multi-Exit Discriminator
- Configuring MED: Single Adjacent AS
- Configuring MED: Multiple Adjacent Autonomous Systems
- Step 7: Determining Type of Neighbor
- Step 8: Smallest IGP Metric to the NEXT_HOP
- Step 9: Lowest BGP Router ID of Advertising Router
- Step 10: Lowest Neighbor ID
- BGP Communities
- Matching Community with Community Lists
- Removing Community Values when Needed
- Filtering NLRI Using Special Community Values
Quality of Service (QoS)
- QoS Purposes
- IP Precedence and DSCP
- DSCP Settings
- Class Selector PHB and DSCP Values
- Assured Forwarding PHB and DSCP Values
- Expedited Forwarding PHB and DSCP Values
- Non-IP Header Fields
- Ethernet LAN Class of Service
- WAN Marking Fields
- Locations for Marking and Matching
- Classification and Marking Tools
- Class-Based Marking Configurations
- CB Marking of CoS and DSCP
- Network-Based Application Recognition
- Choosing CB Marking Design
- Marking Using Policers
- QoS Pre-Classification
- Policy Routing for Marking
- Auto QoS
- AutoQoS for VoIP
- AutoQoS VoIP on Switches
- AutoQoS VoIP on Routers
- Verifying AutoQoS VoIP
- AutoQoS for Enterprise
- Discovering Traffic for AutoQoS Enterprise
- Generating the AutoQoS Configurations
- Verifying AutoQoS for Enterprises
Congestion Management and Avoidance
- Queuing Concept
- Software Queues and Hardware Queues
- Queuing on Interfaces
- Using Different Queuing Tools
- Queuing Tools: CBWFQ and LLQ
- CBWFQ Features and Configurations
- CBWFQ Bandwidth
- Low-Latency Queuing
- Limiting LLQ Bandwidth
- LLQ with More Priority
- Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
- WRED Weighs Packets
- WRED Configuration
- LAN Switch Congestion Management and Avoidance
- Switch Ingress Queuing
- Creating a Priority Queue
- Congestion Avoidance
- Switch Egress Queuing
- Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
- RSVP Statistics
- Configuring RSVP
- Using RSVP for Voice Calls
Shaping, Policing, and Link Fragmentation
- Traffic-Shaping
- Shaping with an Excess burst
- Traffic-Shaping Adaptation on Frame Relay Networks
- Generic Traffic Shaping
- Class-Based Shaping
- Tuning Shaping for Voice Using LLQ and Small Tc
- Configuring Shaping by Bandwidth Percent
- CB shaping to a Peak Rate
- Adaptive Shaping
- Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
- FRTS Configuration
- Setting FRTS Parameters Explicitly
- FRTS Configuration Using LLQ
- FRTS Adaptive Shaping
- FRTS with MQC
- Configuring Policing
- Single-Rate, Two-Color Policing (One Bucket)
- Single-Rate, Three-Color Policer (Two Buckets)
- Two-Rate, Three-Color Policer (Two Buckets)
- Class-Based Policing Configurations
- Single-Rate, Three Color Policing of All Traffic
- Policing a Subset of the Traffic
- CB Policing Defaults for Bc and Be
- Configuring Dual-Rate Policing
- Multi-Action Policing
- Policing by Percentages
- We Know QoS Troubleshooting and Commands
Wide-Area Networks (WAN)
- Point-to-Point Protocol
- PPP Link Control Protocol
- LCP/PPP Configuration
- Multilink PPP
- MLP Link Fragmentation and Interleaving
- PPP Compression
- PPP Layer 2 Payload Compression
- Header Compression
- Frame Relay
- Frame Relay Data Link Connections
- Local Management Interface
- Frame Relay Headers and Encapsulations
- Frame Relay Congestion: DE, BECN, and FECN
- Adaptive Shaping, FECN, and BECN
- Frame Relay Configurations
- Configuring Frame Relay
- Protocol Compressions
- Fragmentation
- Frame Relay LFI Using Multilink PPP (MLP)
IP Multicasting
- Multicast IP Addresses
- Multicast Address Range and Structure
- Well-Known Multicast Addresses
- Multicast Addresses for permanent Groups
- Multicast Addresses for Source-Specific Multicast Applications and Protocols
- Multicast Addresses for GLOP Addressing
- Multicast Addresses for Transient Groups
- Summarizing Multicast Address Ranges
- Mapping IP Multicast Addresses to MAC Addresses
- Managing Distribution of Multicast Traffic with IGMP
- Joining Groups
- Internet Group Management Protocols
- IGMP Version 2
- IGMPv2 Host Membership Query Functions
- IGMPv2 Host Membership Report Functions
- IGMPv2 Leave Group and Group-Specific Query Messages
- IGMPv2 Querier
- IGMPv2 Timers
- IGMP Version 3
- LAN Multicast Optimization
- Group Management Protocols
- IGMP Snooping
- Router-Port Group Management Protocol
IP Multicast Routing
- Multicast Routing
- Routing Protocols
- Multicast Forwarding Using Dense Mode
- Reverse Path Forwarding Check
- Multicast Forwarding Using Sparse Mode
- Multicast Scoping
- TTL Scoping
- Administrative Scoping
- Dense-Mode Routing Protocols
- Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode
- Forming PIM Adjacencies Using PIM Hello Messages
- Source-Based Distribution Trees
- Prune Messages
- PIM-DM: Reacting to a Failed Link
- Steady-State Operation and the State Refresh Messages
- Graft Message
- LAN-Specific Issues with PIM-DM and PIM-SM
- Prune Override
- Assert Message
- Designated Router
- Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
- Multicast Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Sparse-Mode Routing Protocol
- Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode
- Sources Sending Packets to the Rendezvous Point
- Joining Shared Tree
- Source Registration Process
- Shared Distribution Tree
- Examining RP’s Multicast Routing Table
- Shortest-Path Tree Switchover
- Pruning From the Shared Tree
- Dynamically Finding RPs and Using Redundant RPs
- Dynamically Using Auto-RP
- Dynamically Using BSR
- Anycast RP with MSDP
- Interdomain Multicast Routing with MSDP
- Bidirectional PIM
- Source-Specific Multicast
Security on Routers and Switches
- Router and Switch Security
- Simple Password Protection from the CLI
- Better Protection of Enable and Username Passwords
- Using Secure Shell Protocol
- User Mode and Privileged Mode AAA Authentication
- Using Default Set of Authentication Methods
- Using Multiple Authentication Methods
- Groups of AAA Servers
- Overriding the Defaults for Login Security
- PPP Security
- Layer 2 Security
- Switch Security for Unused Ports
- Port Security
- Dynamic ARP Inspection
- DHCP Snooping
- IP Source Guard
- 802.1X Authentication Using EAP
- Storm Control
- Layer 3 Security
- IP Access Control Lists
- Standard ACL’s and Extended ACL’s
- Wildcard Masks
- Implementing CoPP
- Dynamic Multipoint VPN
- Intrusion Prevention System
- Control-Plane Policing
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
- MPLS Unicast IP Forwarding
- IP Forwarding: Data Plane
- CEF
- Forwarding Using FIB and LFIB
- Header and Labels
- MPLS TTL Field and TTL Propagation
- IP Forwarding: Control Plane
- MPLS LDP
- Label Information Cast Feeding the FIB and LFIB
- Label Distribution Protocols
- MPLS VPNs
- MPLS VPN Control Plane
- Virtual Routing and Forwarding Tables
- MP-BGP and Route Distinguishers
- Route Targets
- Overlapping VPNs
- Configuring MPLS VPN
- Configuring the VRF and Associated Interfaces
- Configuring the IGP
- Configuring Redistribution IGP and MP-BGP
- Configuring MP-BGP
- MPLS VPN Data Plane
- Building the Inner VPN Label
- Creating LFIB Entries to Forward Packets to the Egress
- Creating VRF FIB Entries for the Ingress
- Penultimate Hop Popping
- VRF Lite Applications
- VRF Lite, Without MPLS
- VRF Lite with MPLS
IP Version 6 (IPv6)
- IPv6 Addressing and Address Types
- Address Notation
- Address Abbreviation
- IPv6 Address Types
- Unicast
- Multicast
- Anycast
- Unspecified Address
- IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration
- EUI-64 Address Format
- IPv6 Protocols
- Neighbor Discovery
- Neighbor Advertisements
- Neighbor Solicitation
- Router Advertisement and Router Solicitation
- Duplicate Address Detection
- Neighbor Unreachability Detection
- ICPMv6
- Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
- DNS
- DHCP
- Access Lists
- IPv6 Static Routes
- IPv6 Unicast Routing protocols
- OSPFv3
- Virtual Links, and Address Summarization
- OSPFv3 LSA Types
- OSPFv3 in NBMA Networks
- Configuring OSPFv3 over Frame Relay
- Enabling and Configuring OSPFv3
- Authentication and Encryption
- EIGRP for IPv6
- Route Filtering
- Configuring EIGRP for IPv6
- Route Redistribution and Filtering
- IPv6 Route Redistribution
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- QoS Implementation Strategies
- Classification, Marking, and Queuing
- Congestion Avoidance
- Traffic Shaping and Policing
- Tunneling Techniques
- Manually Configuring Tunnels
- Automatic IPv4-Compatible Tunnels
- IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels
- Automatic 6to4 Tunnels
- ISATAP Tunnels
- NAT-PT
- IPv6 Multicast
- Multicast Listener Discovery
- Explicit Tracking
- PIM
- PIM DR Election
- Source-Specific Multicast
- PIM BSR
- IPv6 Static Routes
- Configuring Multicast Routing for IPv6
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